When you look at the sky above, what do you see? Sometimes it is a clear blue sky, whereas most of the times we see clouds. The sun and the moon are two very important things in the sky for our blue planet. Scientists of ISRO have spent decades trying to understand these stars. Our Government spends millions of rupees to fund these organisations for scientific research and development. Let us understand about the stars in our galaxy. A star is a massive glowing ball of gas held together by gravity. Stars, including our Sun, are primarily made of hydrogen and helium. In their cores, nuclear reactions fuse hydrogen atoms into helium, releasing a tremendous amount of energy. This energy travels to the surface and radiates into space as light and heat, making stars shine brightly. Stars come in different sizes and colors. Smaller stars can be red and cooler, while larger stars are often blue and much hotter. The size, color and brightness of a star depend on its mass and age. Stars are born in vast clouds of gas and dust called nebulae. Over time, gravity pulls the gas and dust together to form a protostar. When the core becomes hot and dense enough, nuclear fusion begins and a new star is born. Stars have long lifespans ranging from millions to billions of years. As they age, they undergo changes. For example, our Sun will eventually expand into a red giant before shedding its outer layers and leaving behind a small, dense core called a white dwarf. Throughout their lives, stars play a crucial role in the universe. They create the elements needed for planets and life and their light allows us to study the cosmos. Stars are not just beautiful points of light in the night sky, they are fundamental to our understanding of the universe. Our scientists send various satellites to understand these stars. Satellites are fascinating technological marvels that orbit the Earth and serve various purposes such as communication, weather forecasting, navigation and scientific research. The basic working of a satellite involves several key components and processes. Firstly, a satellite is launched into space using a rocket. Once it reaches the desired altitude, the satellite is deployed into its orbit. There are different types of orbits, including low Earth orbit, medium Earth orbit and geostationary orbit, each serving different functions. A satellite's primary components include solar panels, which provide energy by converting sunlight into electricity and batteries that store this energy for use when the satellite is in the Earth's shadow. Antennas are used to transmit and receive signals to and from ground stations. The satellite also has onboard computers and control systems to manage its operations and maintain its position and orientation. The process begins with ground stations on Earth sending signals to the satellite. These signals may contain instructions or data that need to be transmitted to other locations. The satellite receives the signals using its antennas, processes the information using its onboard systems and then retransmits the signals to their intended destinations. For example, communication satellites relay telephone calls, television broadcasts and internet data across the globe. In the case of weather satellites, they are equipped with sensors and cameras to capture images and data about the Earth's atmosphere and surface. This information is then sent back to Earth where it is analyzed to predict weather patterns and monitor environmental changes. Navigation satellites like those in the Global Positioning System constantly transmit signals that allow receivers on the ground to determine their exact location by calculating the time it takes for the signals to travel from the satellites to the receivers. Overall, satellites play a crucial role in modern technology providing essential services that connect and inform the world. It is not easy to send a satellite into space. Many countries have successfully built their own satellites, but they are not able to launch them into the space. Now, space organisations like ISRO comes into the picture. They launch the satellites of these countries by charging an amount which helps them to operate a gigantic vehicle like rocket. A rocket is a vehicle designed to travel into space. It uses powerful engines that burn fuel to create thrust which pushes the rocket upwards. Rockets are essential for launching satellites, sending probes to other planets and carrying astronauts to space. The basic parts of a rocket include the engine, fuel tanks and payload. The engine burns the fuel, producing hot gases that escape out of the back propelling the rocket forward. The payload is the cargo the rocket is carrying such as a satellite or a space probe. Rockets work on a principle called Newton's third law of motion: for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. When the rocket's engine expels gas downward the rocket is pushed upward. Rockets are built in stages with each stage having its own engines and fuel. As the rocket climbs, it sheds empty fuel tanks to become lighter and more efficient. This helps it reach the high speeds needed to escape Earth's gravity. Rockets have made it possible for humans to explore space. They have carried astronauts to the Moon, launched telescopes to observe distant galaxies and sent robots to study other planets. Thanks to rockets, we can learn more about our universe and even dream of one day traveling to Mars and beyond. Understand the working of rocket might seem simple at first, but it is very complicated when it comes to the actual working. Rocket science is a very fantastic field in itself. We have a very competent workforce of scientists working hard to shine the name of our Indian Space Research Organisation brightly in the world. Unfortunately, today a brain drain is happening in our country where the young and talented scientists are being taken by the foreign organisations like NASA and Space X. There are some constraints for ISRO in the upcoming years like budget, human spaceflight, international competition, etc., but it will all workout well in the end. Submit